Data Base Using Microsoft Excel

Computer Lab Uitm

Assalamulaikum , hey guys :)

Last week i have presentation about chapter 7 Relational Database Fundamentals.It's about data base, how the data base function in every software we just only focus on the topic we will get the we want for example that my friends and i presented on Thursday last week is using microsoft excel and keep use hyperlink to compered every data to be a data base.

STEP USE HYPERLINK IN MICROSOFT EXCEL

1.click button start then click microsoft excel

 2.Microsoft Excel software

 3. microsoft excel 

 4.Click insert,picture and select the file

 5.Click the picture 

 6. click right mouse then click hyperlink

7.Select the file 

8.such as click file and sheet 18

9.create "home" and hyperlick to go back the file we wanted to

10. every words and picture can hyperlink to continue every single file that we want be to such as like all microsoft software, adobe and else. 

  

CHAPTER 7

CHAPTER 7

STORING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION - DATABASE

KPP1 - LIBRARY UITM

Assalamualaikum and hai guys ;)

Today i have learn some of chapter 7 in subject MGT 300 it's about storing organizational information - database.Okay ,what i'm going to tell your guys is every single chapter in subject MGT 300 that i have learn from Madam Intan Liana Binti Suhaime are must link with another chapter from beginning until this chapter.So, i hope that your guys can understand the chapter before this to understood every words that your will learn in this chapter.

Relational Database Fundamentals

What is information?

Information is everywhere in an organization

Information is stored in databases

Database – maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses)

Database models include:

• Hierarchical database model – information is organized into a tree-like structure (using parent/child relationships) in such a way that it cannot have too many relationships
• Network database model – a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships
• Relational database model – stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables

Entities and Attributes

Entity – a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored

The rows in each table contain the entities

Attributes (fields, columns) – characteristics or properties of an entity class

The columns in each table contain the attributes

Keys and Relationships

Primary keys and foreign keys identify the various entity classes (tables) in the database

1. Primary key – a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table
2. Foreign key – a primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables

Relational Database Advantages

Database advantages from a business perspective include

• Increased flexibility
• Increased scalability and performance
• Reduced information redundancy
• Increased information integrity (quality)
• Increased information security

Increased Flexibility

A well-designed database should:

• Handle changes quickly and easily
• Provide users with different views
• Have only one physical view
• Physical view – deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device
• Have multiple logical views
• Logical view – focuses on how users logically access information

Increased Scalability and Performance

A database must scale to meet increased demand,  while maintaining acceptable performance levels

• Scalability – refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands
• Performance – measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction

Reduced Information Redundancy

Databases reduce information redundancy

Redundancy – the duplication of information or storing the same information in multiple places

Inconsistency is one of the primary problems with redundant information

Increase Information Integrity (Quality)

Information integrity – measures the quality of information

• Integrity constraint – rules that help ensure the quality of information
• Relational integrity constraint
• Business-critical integrity constraint

Increased Information Security

Information is an organizational asset and must be protected 

• Databases offer several security features including:
• Password – provides authentication of the user
• Access level – determines who has access to the different types of information
• Access control – determines types of user access, such as read-only access

Database Management Systems

Database management systems (DBMS) – software through which users and application programs interact with a database

DATA-DRIVEN WEB SITES

Data-driven Web sites – an interactive Web site kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers through the use of a database

Data-Driven Web Site Business Advantages

• Development
• Content Management
• Future Expandability
• Minimizing Human Error
• Cutting Production and Update Costs
• More Efficient
• Improved Stability

Data-Driven Business Intelligence

BI in a data-driven Web site

Integrating Information among Multiple Databases

• Integration – allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other
• Forward integration – takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes
• Backward integration – takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes

Forward integration and Backward integration

Building a central repository specifically for integrated information

CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 6

VALUING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION

LIBRARY UITM

Assalamualaikum and hai guys ;)

Organizational Information

Information is everywhere in an organization

Employees must be able to obtain and analyze the many different levels, formats, and granularities of organizational information to make decisions

Successfully collecting, compiling, sorting, and analyzing information can provide tremendous insight into how an organization is performing

Levels, formats, and granularities of organizational information.

The Value of Transactional and Analytical Information

Transactional information verses analytical information

The Value of Timely Information

Timeliness is an aspect of information that depends on the situation

• Real-time information – immediate, up-to-date information
• Real-time system – provides real-time information in response to query requests

The Value of Quality Information

• Business decisions are only as good as the quality of the information used to make the decisions 
• You never want to find yourself using technology to help you make a bad decision faster
• Characteristics of high-quality information include:

1. Accuracy
2. Completeness
3. Consistency
4. Uniqueness
5. Timeliness

Understanding the Costs of  Poor Information

The four primary sources of low quality information include:

• Online customers intentionally enter inaccurate information to protect their privacy
• Information from different systems have different entry standards and formats
• Call center operators enter abbreviated or erroneous information by accident or to save time
• Third party and external information contains inconsistencies, inaccuracies, and errors

Potential business effects resulting from low quality information include:

• Inability to accurately track customers
• Difficulty identifying valuable customers
• Inability to identify selling opportunities
• Marketing to nonexistent customers
• Difficulty tracking revenue due to inaccurate invoices
• Inability to build strong customer relationships

High quality information can significantly improve the chances of making a good decision

Good decisions can directly impact an organization's bottom line

CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 5

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURES THAT SUPPORT STRATEGIC INITIATIVES

COMPUTER LAB

Assalamualaikum and hai guys ;)

Today i would like to share again about chapter 5 is organization structures that support strategic initiatives in subject MGT 300 for this chapter you will know about(CIO),(CTO),(SCO) and (CKO).

Organizational Structures

Organizational employees must work closely together to develop strategic initiatives that create competitive advantages

Ethics and security are two fundamental building blocks that organizations must base their businesses upon

IT Roles and Responsibilities

Information technology is a relatively new functional area, having only been around formally for around 40 years

Recent IT-related strategic positions:

• Chief Information Officer (CIO)
• Chief Technology Officer (CTO)
• Chief Security Officer (CSO)
• Chief Privacy Officer (CPO)
• Chief Knowledge Office (CKO)

Chief Information Officer (CIO) – oversees all uses of IT and ensures the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and objectives

Broad CIO functions include:

• Manager – ensuring the delivery of all IT projects, on time and within budget
• Leader – ensuring the strategic vision of IT is in line with the strategic vision of the organization
• Communicator – building and maintaining strong executive relationships

Chief Technology Officer (CTO) – responsible for ensuring the throughput, speed, accuracy, availability, and reliability of IT

Chief Security Officer (CSO) – responsible for ensuring the security of IT systems

Chief Privacy Officer (CPO) – responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of information

Chief Knowledge Office (CKO) - responsible for collecting, maintaining, and distributing the organization’s knowledge

The Gap Between Business Personnel and IT Personnel

• Business personnel possess expertise in functional areas such as marketing, accounting, and sales 
• IT personnel have the technological expertise 
• This typically causes a communications gap between the business personnel and IT personnel

Improving Communications

1. Business personnel must seek to increase their understanding of IT
2. IT personnel must seek to increase their understanding of the business
3. It is the responsibility of the CIO to ensure effective communication between business personnel and IT personnel

Organizational Fundamentals – Ethics and Security

• Ethics and security are two fundamental building blocks that organizations must base their businesses on to be successful
• In recent years, such events as the Enron and Martha Stewart, along with 9/11 have shed new light on the meaning of ethics and security

Ethics

Ethics – the principles and standards that guide our behavior toward other people

Privacy is a major ethical issue

Privacy – the right to be left alone when you want to be, to have control over your own personal possessions, and not to be observed without your consent

Issues affected by technology advances

• Intellectual property
• Copyright
• Fair use doctrine
• Pirated software
• Counterfeit software

Intellectual property - Intangible creative work that is embodied in physical form

Copyright - The legal protection afforded an expression of an idea, such as a song, video game, and some types of proprietary documents

Fair use doctrine - In certain situations, it is legal to use copyrighted material

Pirated software - The unauthorized use, duplication, distribution, or sale of copyrighted software

Counterfeit software - Software that is manufactured to look like the real thing and sold as such

Security

Organizational information is intellectual capital - it must be protected

Information security – the protection of information from accidental or intentional misuse by persons inside or outside an organization

E-business automatically creates tremendous information security risks for organizations

CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 4

MEASURING THE SUCCESS OF STRATEGIC INITIATIVES

COMPUTER LAB

Assalamualaikum and hai ;)

i'm fathi and today i would like to share with you guys about chapter 4 in subject MGT 300.In this chapter you can understand how to success and make plan strategic for business.

MEASURING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY'S SUCCESS

1. Key performance indicator – measures that are tied to business drivers
2. Metrics are detailed measures that feed KPIs 
3. Performance metrics fall into the nebulous area of business intelligence that is neither technology, nor business centered, but requires input from both IT and business professionals

Efficiency and Effectiveness

Efficiency IT metric – measures the performance of the IT system itself including throughput, speed, and availability

Effectiveness IT metric – measures the impact IT has on business processes and activities including customer satisfaction, conversion rates, and sell-through increases

Bench-marking – Base lining Metrics

Regardless of what is measured, how it is measured, and whether it is for the sake of efficiency or effectiveness, there must be benchmarks – baseline values the system seeks to attain

Bench marking – a process of continuously measuring system results, comparing those results to optimal system performance (benchmark values), and identifying steps and procedures to improve system performance

Efficiency IT Metrics

Efficiency IT metrics focus on technology and include:

• Throughput
• Transaction speed
• System availability
• Information accuracy
• Web traffic
• Response time

Effectiveness IT metrics focus on an organization’s goals, strategies, and objectives and include:

• Usability
• Customer satisfaction
• Conversion rates
• Financial

The Interrelationships of Efficiency and Effectiveness IT Metrics

Security is an issue for any organization offering products or services over the Internet

It is inefficient for an organization to implement Internet security, since it slows down processing

However, to be effective it must implement Internet security

Secure Internet connections must offer encryption and Secure Sockets Layers (SSL denoted by the lock symbol in the lower right corner of a browser)

Metrics for Strategic Initiatives

Metrics for measuring and managing strategic initiatives include:

• Web site metrics
• Supply chain management (SCM) metrics
• Customer relationship management (CRM) metrics
• Business process reengineering (BPR) metrics
• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) metrics

WEB SITE METRICS

Web site metrics include:

• Abandoned registrations
• Abandoned shopping cards
• Click-through
• Conversion rate
• Cost-per-thousand
• Page exposures
• Total hits
• Unique visitors

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT METRICS

• Back order
• Customer order promised cycle time
• Customer order actual cycle time
• Inventory replenishment cycle time
• Inventory turns (inventory turnover)

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT METRICS

Customer relationship management metrics measure user satisfaction and interaction and include

• Sales metrics
• Service metrics
• Marketing metrics

CHAPTER 3

Chapter 3

STRATEGIC INITIATIVES FOR IMPLEMENTING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

MGT 300

Assalamualaikum and hey there.. ;)

Hello...it's me..Fathi..

Okay today i want to share with you guys out there especially in course business and have subject MGT 300 for chapter 3.Don't worry for this chapter is easy to understand because it relates with our daily life actually..hehehe..

What is strategic initiative?

1. A strategic initiative is an endeavor intended to achieve three interrelated outcomes: A boundary-spanning vision or “strategic intent” Realization of important benefits to “strategic” stakeholders and. Transformation of the organization.
2. Organizations can undertake high-profile strategic initiative including:

• Supply chain management (SCM)
• Customer process management (CRM)
• Business process engineering (BPR)
• Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

supply chain management

What is supply chain management?

1. involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability
2. Four basic components of supply chain management include:

• Supply chain strategy  
  strategy for managing all resources to meet customer demand
• Supply chain partner– partners throughout the supply chain that deliver finished products, raw materials, and services.
• Supply chain operation – schedule for production activities
• Supply chain logistics – product delivery process

process SCM

PROCESS SCM

Effective and efficient SCM systems can enable an organization to:

• Decrease the power of its buyers
• Increase its own supplier power
• Increase switching costs to reduce the threat of substitute products or services
• Create entry barriers thereby reducing the threat of new entrants
• Increase efficiencies while seeking a competitive advantage through cost leadership

Effective and efficient SCM systems effect on Porter’s Five Forces

Organisation 's supply chains

Decrease

• buyer power
• treat of new entrance
• treat of substitute product or service

Increase

• supply power

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMNET

What is customer relationship management?

1. Customer relationship management (CRM) – involves managing all aspects of a customer’s relationship with an organization to increase customer loyalty and retention and an organization's profitability 
2. Many organizations, such as Charles Schwab and Kaiser Permanente, have obtained great success through the implementation of CRM systems

CRM is not just technology, but a strategy, process, and business goal that an organization must embrace on an enterprisewide level

1.  CRM can enable an organization to:

• Identify types of customers
• Design individual customer marketing campaigns
• Treat each customer as an individual
• Understand customer buying behaviors

process CRM

BUSINESS PROCESS RE ENGINEERING

What is business process re engineering?

Business process

 – a standardized set of activities that accomplish a specific task, such as processing a customer’s order

Business process re engineering (BPR) 

– the analysis and redesign of workflow within and between enterprises

The purpose of BPR is to make all business processes best-in-class

Re engineering the Corporation – book written by Michael Hammer and James Champy that recommends seven principles for BPR

Finding Opportunity Using BPR

1. A company can improve the way it travels the road by moving from foot to horse and then horse to car 
2. BPR looks at taking a different path, such as an airplane which ignore the road completely

Types of change an organization can achieve, along with the magnitudes of change and the potential business benefit.

-fails to keep up with competitors

What is Enterprise Resource Planning?

1. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) – integrates all departments and functions throughout an organization into a single IT system so that employees can make decisions by viewing enterprisewide information on all business operations 
2. Keyword in ERP is “enterprise”

ERP systems collect data from across an organization and correlates the data generating an enterprise wide view

Saab required a consolidated customer view among its three primary channels:

1. Dealer network
2. Customer assistance center
3. Lead management center